Sandcrete blocks and bricks are masonry units manufactured from a mixture of. Production process and necessary tests performed on both raw materials and sandcrete blocks are discussed. Other types of sandcrete blocks are decorative and ventilating blocks which are sandcrete blocks. Types of sandcrete blocks and their usage download table. Block production process was one of the three major influencing variables that can affect the properties and longterm performance of sandcrete blocks. The high cost of building materials, especially sandcrete blocks in ghana, has made building. A study of the hygroscopic properties of hollow sandcrete. In researching into the properties of sandcrete blocks as defined by this study, one is faced with a delimma, little material exists in the technical literature on certain properties of sandcrete blocks such as its durability, tensile, transverse and flexural strength and the value of elastic constants. Pdf assessment of sandcrete blocks manufacturers compliance. Physicomechanical behaviour of sandcrete block masonry units. Experimental datasets on compliance level to minimum standard.
The objective of the study was to find out whether the strength of the traditional sandcrete blocks could be enhanced without. Sandcrete is a yellowwhite building material made from a binder typically portland cement, sand in a ratio of circa 1. Optimizing properties of sandcrete blocks produced in the. Compressive strength and costs of sandcrete blocks and blocks. Soil cement and landcrete are similar materials but. Sandcrete blocks and quality management in nigeria. Cement, as a binder, is the most expensive input in the production of sandcrete blocks hornbostel, 1991. Among the objectives of this nis document are to ensure that all block manufacturers. How concrete block is made material, manufacture, used. Approved sizes for sandcrete blocks specified by nis are presented in table 1. Sandcrete blocks were made with lateritic soil taken from different sources replacing the conventional fine aggregate local river sand in steps of 10% up to 60%.
Compressive strengths for the two block types were also. Types of foundation for buildings and their uses pdf. Pdf sandcrete blocks and quality management in nigeria. Type i general purpose type ii sulfate resistin g, concrete in contact with hi gh sulfate soils type iii high early strength, which gains strength faster than type i, enabling forms to be removed sooner type iv low heat of hydration, for use in massive. Costs of alternative methods of acquiring sandcrete blocks. Investigation of micronized laterite sandcrete block. Pdf establishing the compressive strength of sandcrete. Sandcrete is usually used as hollow rectangular blocks similar to concrete masonry units, often 45 centimetres 18 in wide, 15 centimetres 5.
Depending in the project, sandcrete blocks have became obvious useful in different types of civil engineering work in the past and recent times all sandcrete bricks have similar uses, their properties differ in some respect depending on the materials used and method of manufacture to understand these properties. This work seeks to do this by introducing a percentage of coarse aggregates into the mixture of the sandcrete blocks. Two hundred and seventyone sandcrete block models from four mixed proportions, namely 1. The materials used and method of manufacture employed in this investigation are thus presented. Sandcrete block manufacturing and testing the constructor. Sand sharp river quartzite sand that is free of clay, loam, dirt and any organic or chemical matter is used. Types of concrete blocks characteristics of different types. Standard size blocks may be used or alternatively, specifically dimensioned foundation blocks are available from some members. Analysis of sandcrete blocks production by using different.
The mixing ratio is 1 part cement and 5 parts sand, and if the plaster is too harsh, 0. Hydraform block, usually solid, is a type of sandcrete block that could be stacked. They can be bought with a fair face for work which will be visibly seen. Minimum average compressive strengths of blocks shall be as per table. The sand type also influenced the strength of the blocks as okhuahie river sand gave the highest compressive strength followed by ovia river sand and the least was okhoro erosion sand. Strength properties of commercially produces sandcrete blocks. Strength properties of commercially produces sandcrete. Varied interlocking blocks developed for use include sparlock system, meccano system, sparfil system, haener system, and the solid interlocking blocks sib or hydraform blocks, which are an improvement over the traditional adobe bricks or unfired laterite blocks that were prevalent in the 20 th century in some african countries. This study used fine aggregates and 54 sandcrete blocks approved types and.
Fully automatic machines the machines of first three types are normally used by small scale manufacturers and for big projects where blocks are manufactured at site. Pdf effects of curing on the compressive strengths of. Apr 14, 2009 this paper is laboratory testfocused, and reports the results of investigation of the strength and density of sandcrete blocks based on a 1. Every necessary procedures and cautions for good masonry wall units were ensured with 25 strokes of blow for sound compaction. This has necessitated producers of sandcrete blocks to produce blocks with low opc ordinary portland cement content that will be affordable to people and with much gain. The aggregates used for moulding the blocks were also collected and their particle sizes analysed. Nis specified two types of blocks, types a blocks which are load bearing and. Researchers have established a trend of low compliance with standards concerning the compressive strength of sandcrete blocks produced commercially in most parts of nigeria, 2,3, 4 and indicated. Unlike concrete which is allowed to set in forms, sandcrete blocks are demoulded. Sandcrete is similar but weaker than mortar, for which the ratio is circa 1. Sandcrete block is a major building material in nigeria.
Sandcrete blocks are defined as a permanent durable material which is produced from natural sandy soil or a modified sandy soil such that cohesion of the freshly moulded blocks is insufficient to allow the unsupported handling or curing. The results of compressive strength values sandcrete blocks produced in some. Unlike concrete block whose components are coarse and fine aggregates mixed with cement, sandcrete block is made of only fine aggregate sand mixed with cement. The strength of sandcrete blocks depend upon two major factors, namely. Design, development and performance evaluation of a. It also showed that buildings with interlocking blocks provide a cooler temperature. Sandcrete blocks and bricks are masonry units manufactured from a mixture of cement, sand and water, and it plays a crucial role in the building construction. Concrete bricks are systematically piled blocks, rectangular in shape, primarily. At least 52% increase in compressive strength of 150mm and 225mm sandcrete blocks were achieved by raising the vibration time from 15 seconds to 25 seconds in. The test types conducted on the block samples ere of two types. May 23, 2017 sandcrete blocks are made by mixing sharpsand and cement in the right proportion along with water. How to calculate number of sandcrete block needed for your. Sandcrete blocks are the most common type of blocks used in forming walls units and over 90% of houses in nigeria today are being constructed using sandcrete blocks baiden and tuuli, 2004. The corners of each regular block extend slightly beyond the face to help hide the mortar on the finished wall, while the blocks for angles and finishing do not have these edges extended, thus producing a smooth appearance at intersections.
Block making machines with inbuilt table vibrator, without mixer 3. The objective of the investigation was to determine cement performance in these sandcrete blocks and to relate results to a defined best performance. Depending in the project, sandcrete blocks have became obvious useful in different types of civil engineering work in the past and recent times all sandcrete bricks have similar uses, their properties differ in some respect depending on the materials used and method of manufacture to. Okhuahie, ovia, ikpoba flood and okhoro erosion sands were collected for the study. Types of concrete blocks characteristics of different. Sandcrete block is made up of cement, fine aggregate. The compressive strength of sandcrete blocks is affected by the mix proportion, quality of material used in making them, size, shape, and the mode of manufacture i. None grade and type none none c 1405 single fired glazed brick class grade and type division none. This paper is laboratory testfocused, and reports the results of investigation of the strength and density of sandcrete blocks based on a 1. In the whole, quarry dust block is cheaper to make than the sandcrete block. This paper investigates the strength characteristics of sandcrete blocks in yola 8 0 3647 n 12 0 1914 e metropolis. The purpose of this study is to see if varying the vibration time and sand type during moulding of blocks would affect the strength of the blocks. Sandcrete blocks comprise of natural sand, water and binder. The cost of quarry dust is less than 50% of the cost of river sharp sand material.
Special blocks are used for various applications and one of the most common of these is the hollow block as seen in the image above. Concrete and lightweight blocks are widely used in all areas of building and diy. The standard concrete block is often divided into two or three main varieties. Interlocking block wall two masons, x and y both skilled in sandcrete block wall. Every thing youll need to know about the production of. The sand and cement mixture is in the proportion of 6. Sandcrete blocks and quality management in nigeria building. Aggregate concrete blocks permit fast onsite working since the standard dimension of a block is equivalent to six bricks. A study on the engineering properties of sandcrete blocks produced. Specifications for moulding sandcrete blocks stipulates that the block is generally to be made in accordance with bs 2028.
Cement plaster can be used on most types of walls, except it does not adhere well to soil block walls as the shrinking and swelling tend to crack the plaster. The objective of the study was to find out whether the strength of the traditional sandcrete blocks could be enhanced without necessarily increasing the cement content by introducing a percentage of coarse aggregates in the batching of the constituents of the sandcrete blocks. Solid blocks have no cavities, or according to us standards have no voids amounting to not more than 25% of the gross crosssectional area. Enhancing the strength of sandcrete blocks using coarse. Typical products have minimum crushing strength of. The solid blocks used in the construction of the wall where the load occurs. Sandcrete block is a composite material made up of cement, sand, water, molded. The purpose was to assess how well the cement compressive strength potential has been utilised and to identify factors affecting the performance. The tests carried out using the natural sand samples from the block production industries are as follows.
Quality assurance measurement of sandcrete hollow blocks. Commonly used in the construction industry, concrete hollow blocks are. Other types of sandcrete blocks are decorative and ventilating blocks which are sandcrete blocks without. The nis specified two types of blocks, types a load bearing and type b nonload bearing and these blocks can also be solid or hollow. The effectiveness and obstructs of sandcrete and concrete block in a foundation system abstract it is a clear fact that bricks play a vital role in a foundation system of a building. The poverty level amongst west african countries and particularly nigerian has made these blocks. Aggregate concrete blocks walls below damp proof course. Assessment of sandcrete blocks manufacturers research india.
Optimum compressive strength of hardened sandcrete. A total of 315 blocks each in 150mm and 225mm sizes with cement to sand ratios of 1. Among the objectives of this nis document are to ensure. A82 fired masonry brick made from clay or shale grade type none. Neville 2000 identified that compressive strength of a sandcrete block increases with cement contents at a limit rate. This has necessitated producers of sandcrete blocks to produce blocks with low opc content that will be affordable to people and with much gain. Introduction sandcrete blocks are products of fine aggregate, portland cement and water in a prescribed mix ratio proportions. With these nomograms, it is possible to produce sandcrete blocks using hand mould to obtain the desired compressive strength with a range of 1. The watercement ratio is very important in sandcrete block production. And the most significant factor for the difference in their cost implication is the great difference in the cost of their basic material i. A study on the engineering properties of sandcrete blocks. If we leave out the large construction companies who produce sandcrete blocks and stock bricks for their own projects, we can conveniently posit that all commercial sandcrete blocks in lagos area are substandard.
Compressive strength and costs of sandcrete blocks and. Block types both lightweight and dense aggregate concrete blocks can be used below ground level. Sandcrete blocks are composite material made from a combination of sand, cement, and water, with cement serving as the binder, and they are formed by compacting the mixed materials in a mold and extensively used in construction of buildings and other structures for the comfort of humanity. Keywords sandcrete blocks, compressive strength, aggregates, curing. The influence of vibration time and sand type on the. Sandcrete blocks are produced across nigeria without a specific focus on the type of purpose its produced to suit.
Their compressive strengths determined to check for conformity with standard sandcrete block as specified in the. An appraisal of the quality control practices in sandcrete. Nis specified two types of blocks, types a load bearing and type b nonload bearing and these blocks can also be solid or hollow. Physicomechanical behaviour of sandcrete block masonry. The results showed that the 28day compressive strengths of sandcrete blocks produced in calabar block industry range between 0. Sandcrete blocks are widely used as walling units in nigeria. Assessment of properties of sandcrete blocks produced by. Jul 01, 1993 bs 6073 16 specified that sandcrete blocks of thickness 75 mm or greater should have aver age crushing strength for ten blocks of no less than 2. Samples of 150mm and 225mm hollow sandcrete blocks were collected for laboratory tests and control experiment was also set up. Some engineering properties of sandcrete blocks containing. Design, development and performance evaluation of a multiple. Hollow blocks are the most common type of concrete blocks, having one or more holes that are open at both sides.
Block making machines with inbuilt table vibrator and mixer 4. Four percentages of cement substitution with rha that is, 5, 10, 15 and 20% by volume are used. Cement performance in sand cement blocks a case study from. Pdf compressive strength of sandcrete blocks orjinta. In this video, i will be teaching you how to estimate number sandcrete blocks needed for your building. Experimental results reveals that total water absorption and moisture content of commercially produced blocks do not meet up with. And also that the strongness and weakness of a building depends solidly on the methods employed in moulding the bricks which are used in laying the foundation of a building. The importance of the sandcrete blocks as part of the local building materials cannot be over emphasized in the building and construction industry. Sandcrete blocks are usually moulded from constituents of sand, water and portland cement in specified or prescribed mix ratio or proportion.
Laying bricks and blocks and the different types of bonds. Materials of the sandcrete blocks the sandcrete blocks are made of sand, cement and water. The hollow block can be laid as it is and the voids used for insulating purposes, or the voids can be filled with concrete to make a very strong and solid wall. The data in this article are related to assessment of sandcrete blocks. Cement performance in sand cement blocks a case study. The properties of sandcrete block depends to a varying degree on the type and. Cement, as a binder, is the most expensive input in to the production of sandcrete blocks.
923 941 1461 946 1542 668 191 235 709 436 1576 347 254 184 1343 1264 135 1327 1556 1595 1535 940 389 37 1443 1282 131 1115 531 601 1159 348 55 1059 995 575